منابع مشابه
Site-specific codon bias in bacteria.
Sequences of the gapA and ompA genes from 10 genera of enterobacteria have been analyzed. There is strong bias in codon usage, but different synonymous codons are preferred at different sites in the same gene. Site-specific preference for unfavored codons is not confined to the first 100 codons and is usually manifest between two codons utilizing the same tRNA. Statistical analyses, based on co...
متن کاملThe influence of anticodon-codon interactions and modified bases on codon usage bias in bacteria.
Most transfer RNAs (tRNAs) can translate more than one synonymous codon, and most codons can be translated by more than one isoacceptor tRNA. The rates of translation of synonymous codons are dependent on the concentrations of the tRNAs and on the rates of pairing of each anticodon-codon combination. Translational selection causes a significant bias in codon frequencies in highly expressed gene...
متن کاملMore Codon Usage Bias
χ measure. In statistics, the χ statstic computes how different the distribution of values is from a uniform distribution. Let d = c1 . . . cN be a DNA string in nucleotide alphabet, and let L be the total number of codons in d that are not Methinine or Tryptophan (the number does include the stop codons though). Let a be a k-degenerate amino acid, and let La be the total number of codons codin...
متن کاملSelection on codon bias.
In a wide variety of organisms, synonymous codons are used with different frequencies, a phenomenon known as codon bias. Population genetic studies have shown that synonymous sites are under weak selection and that codon bias is maintained by a balance between selection, mutation, and genetic drift. It appears that the major cause for selection on codon bias is that certain preferred codons are...
متن کاملSynonymous codon usage in bacteria.
In most bacteria, synonymous codons are not used with equal frequencies. Different factors have been proposed to contribute to codon usage preference, including translational selection, GC composition, strand-specific mutational bias, amino acid conservation, protein hydropathy, transcriptional selection and even RNA stability. The review discusses these factors and their contribution to bias i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Genetics
سال: 1996
ISSN: 1943-2631
DOI: 10.1093/genetics/142.3.1037